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Glands and Secretion
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| A. Exocrine Glands | ||||
| 1. Simple tubular |
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Human skin, H&E. Find the deep-lying tubular secretory units of the sweat glands and the simple (unbranched) ducts that carry the secretory product. Note that the secretory units are coiled and stain less intensely than the cells of the duct which form two layers. Locate the nuclei of the basally located myoepithelial cells. |
| 2. Serous secretory units |
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Tongue. H&E. Locate the serous von Ebner's glands and their ducts within and under the circumvallate papillae of the tongue. Note the cytoplasmic basophilia, due to large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes, and the rounded nuclei. Located nearby are mucus secreting glands (described below). |
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Parotid glands. Locate the numerous serous acini of this gland. | |
| 3. Mucous secretory units |
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Sublingual gland. Locate the mucous secretory units of this mixed gland. They are characterized by a flattened, disc-like nucleus that is pushed against the basal surface of the cell and reduced cytoplasmic basophilia. Serous components are also present, either as serous acini or as crescent shaped caps on the mucous acini called serous demilunes. Note the connective tissue septa and associated ducts and blood vessels. |
| 4. Mixed secretory units |
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Submandibular (Submaxillary) gland. Locate the mixed secretory units consisting of a serous demilune capping a mucous acinus. Also find the numerous serous cells organized as serous acini. Note the connective tissue septa and associated ducts and blood vessels. |
| 5. Holocrine glands |
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Human skin, H&E. Locate the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles. These are the only holocrine glands in the body. They are so called because the entire cell dies and bursts (Gr., holos, all) in order to release the fatty secretory product called sebum. |
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| B. Endocrine Glands | ||||
| 1. Thyroid gland |
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H&E. In this endocrine gland the secreting cells are organized into follicles for storing their products. Locate the following: secretory cells, colloid-containing follicles, connective tissue capsule and trabeculae, blood vessels and capillaries. |
| 2. Adrenal gland |
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H&E. In this gland the secretory cells are organized into cords of varying morphology, depending on their location within the gland. Locate the following: secretory cells, connective tissue capsule, blood vessels, and capillaries (by the location of endothelial cell or connective tissue cell nuclei). |
| 3. Pineal gland |
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Human pineal, H&E. Note the capsule, connective tissue trabeculae, and large amounts of basophilic brain sand. |
| C. Mixed Exocrine-Endocrine Gland (Compound Gland) | ||||
| 1. Pancreas |
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Hematoxylin. Locate: exocrine serous acinar secretory units, endocrine islet cells, exocrine ducts, blood vessels and capillaries, and connective tissue (capsule, interlobular septa and interlobar septa). |
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Slides 102 and 103 are stained to reveal the zymogen granules and the location of the Golgi apparatus in the exocrine cells of the pancreas. cells. (Slide 102 = One section is stained with Golgi stain and the other with Eosin-Azure; Slide 103 = Iron Hematoxylin - black zymogen, or H&E - pink zymogen, depending on your slide.) | |||
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